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Ming Cult
The Ming Cult is a fictional cult and martial arts sect featured in the ''wuxia'' novel ''The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber'' by Jin Yong (Louis Cha). It is also briefly mentioned in ''The Legend of the Condor Heroes'', another novel also by Jin Yong. It is loosely based on Manichaeism, an actual gnostic religion which originated in Persia and spread to other parts of the world, including China. The cult is based on Bright Peak in the Kunlun Mountains and has several other bases spread throughout the land. Its most powerful skills are the 'Heaven and Earth Great Shift' (乾坤大挪移) and the 'Martial Arts of the Holy Flame Tablets' (聖火令武功).
==History==
In ''The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber'', the Ming Cult is also known as the "Cult of Mani" (摩尼教) to martial artists in the ''jianghu'' but its more common name is "Mo Jiao" (魔教), which literally means "Demonic Cult". The cult originated in Persia and spread to China in the seventh century. The cult is secretive and conducts its activities far away from the eyes of other sects in the ''wulin'' (martial artists' community). Its founding principles also deviate largely from other sects. While others typically seek to achieve a dominant position in the ''wulin'', the Ming Cult strongly adheres to its faith and laws, which revolve around the notion of "delivering humankind from suffering and eliminating evil". This is aptly summed up in a mantra widely repeated by its members, which goes:
The cult is in fact a righteous sect and not an evil cult as it is perceived in the ''wulin''.〔Cha, Louis. ''The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber'' (倚天屠龍記). ''Ming Pao'', 1961.〕 It faces persecution by the government due to slanderous remarks made by its enemies in the imperial court. Apart from that, many martial artists and sects in the ''wulin'' who are unaware of the cult's real motives due to its conservative nature often speculate that it is inherently evil and start spreading rumours. The cult's image in society and in the ''wulin'' is adversely affected and marred, and it often struggles to survive in the face of powerful rivals who seek to destroy it.
During the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, the cult conducts a series of rebellions to overthrow the corrupt Yuan government and restore peace and order.〔 However, its objective is not echoed by other sects and the common people; conversely, it faces antagonism from them. The six leading orthodox sects in the ''wulin'' – Shaolin, Wudang, Emei, Kunlun, Kongtong and Mount Hua – form an alliance to attack the cult at its headquarters on Bright Peak.〔 The cult's newly elected leader, Zhang Wuji, resolves the conflict and opens the cult to the ''wulin'' for the first time. Thereafter, views and attitudes towards the cult start to change for the better, and the cult earns strong support in its mission to topple the Yuan government.〔 Zhang Wuji eventually passes the leadership of the Ming Cult to Yang Xiao and retires from the ''jianghu''. Zhu Yuanzhang, a minor leader in the cult, betrays his fellows and unites all rebel factions in China under his control. He ultimately topples the Yuan dynasty, defeats his rivals such as Chen Youliang, and establishes the Ming dynasty.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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